Durian Seasons In Durian Production Areas
The N.E. Monsoon (Oct-March) and S.W. Monsoon (April-Sept)
play a pivotal role in the durian production cycle.
The common durian (Durio zibethinus L.) and many tropical fruit
trees require a dry spell of about one to two months for flowers to
initiate and develop fully into fruits. In South East Asia where the
durian is "The King of Fruits", the durian production season is greatly
influence by the north-east and south-west monsoons. In between the wet
monsoons is the dry weather that triggers the matured durian trees to
develop flower buds on healthy lateral branches. It usually takes about
four weeks for the buds to develop fully into perfect flowers.
Durian flowers are borne in clusters of 3–10 flowers over a period of
about two to four weeks during the dry season. The durian has a high
rate of self-incompatibility and it is normal to get 20% to 25%
fruit-set. Thus, cross-pollination is essential to obtaining good crops.
Fruit development usually takes 95–130 days, depending on the cultivar.
The tree must receive just enough water for proper fruit development..
Too much water will cause the tree to bear new leaves at the expense
of the fruits. Under normal conditions, fruit ripening heralds the start
of the rainy season.
The durian season in the major durian-growing countries of Thailand,
West Malaysia and Indonesia generally peaks in the middle of the year
around June-July as shown in the chart below:
Durian season in durian-growing areas in South East Asia including northern Australia
Durian Season In Thailand
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| Thailand- major durian producer |
Durian growing areas in Thailand
Thailand is the major durian producer in the world and it's durian
season generally stretches for about 5 months, from mid-April to
September, because the durian is planted across the whole country.
However, localized weather fluctuations and the various cultivars
planted may hasten or delay as well as influence the spread of the
fruiting period. The eastern provinces produce fruit from mid April to
June-July, the northern provinces in June-July, and the southern
provinces in July-September.
Hundreds of durian cultivars are planted in Thailand, but only four major cultivars are grown commercially. Cultivars Mon Thong and Chanee are the popular ones covering 90% of the area planted while the remaining 10% is grown with the cultivars Kaan Yao and Kradum Thong. The cultivar Kradum Thong provides fruits early in the season.
Thailand's 3 main groups of durian varieties
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Durian Season In West Malaysia
Durian stall in USJ 14
West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia) has two fruiting seasons because
durian is grown in different localities affected by either the
north-east or south-west monsoon or both.
Annual rainfall and the monsoons of W. Malaysia
The durian growing areas in West Malaysia can be divided into 3 regions
influenced by the monsoons and the change from wet to dry weather and
the effect of a dry spell.
Region 1 or North Region covering the states of Perlis,
Kedah, Penang and northern Perak has a wet weather from August to
November and a dry weather from December to February. Generally the
main durian flowering season is from January to March. Sometimes there
may be a short dry spell about June which may or may not give a second
flowering season in July or August according to its intensity and
locality. The main durian fruiting season is usually centered
around June-July. However, some localized areas in Seberang Jaya (Pantai
Acheh) may see the durians ripening as early as late April. In Penang
Island (Balik Pulau and Telok Bahang) and the eastern region of Kedah
comprising Padang Terap, Sik and Baling, the durian season starts in
May, peaks in July and ends in August. Northern Perak's durian season is
usually in June.
Durian season in West Malaysia is influenced by the annual monsoons
Region 2 or West, Central and South Region compries
southern Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca, Pahang and Johore.
This region usually has two dry spells of 2-3 weeks in January-February
and July-August with the wet weather occuring from October to December.
Thus, there tend to be two durian flowering seasons, February-April and
July-September, and two fruit seasons with the main season from June to
August and the smaller off season in December-January. The main durian
growing areas in Region 2 includes the famous Balik Pulau in Penang;
Parit, Kuala Kangsar and Batang Padang in Perak; Jasin in Malacca; and
Segamat, Muar and Batu Pahat In Johore. Pahang is best represented by
Bentong, Raub, Lipis and Temerloh while Jerantut has only one durian
season in December-January.
Region 3 is the East Coast stretching from Kelantan in the
north, down south through Terengganu, coastal region of Pahang to Kota
Tinggi in Johore. There is only one durian season from July to September
as the main flowering season is between March and June. The weather is
wet during the first half of the N.E. Monsoon, from October to January,
and moderately dry during the rest of the year.
this video is show how to open the durian
Durian clones and local selections on sale in the durian stalls
Malaysian durian varieties
Durian Season In East Malaysia
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| East Malaysia states of Sabah and Sarawak |
East Malaysia’s (Sarawak and Sabah) main durian season straddles across June through August and Sabah has a small one in November-December. Both states do not export their crop as they are mainly consumed locally.
Durian Production In Indonesia
Indonesia have two fruiting seasons because durian is grown in various localities. The main harvest is from October to February, but Sumatra produces a crop around June to September.
Durian producing areas in Indonesia
Indonesia has abundant named and recognised clones but only 15 have been released as superior national cultivars such as Bokor, Kani, Otong, Perwira, Petruk, Si Dodol, Si Hijau, Si Japang, Si Mas, Sitokong, Siwirig, Sukun and Sunan. In 1995, another 5 cultivars from Kalimantan Barat are registered as superior national clones:- cv. Aspar, Sawah Ma, Raja Mabah, Kalapet and Mansau. There are many more varieties found in the other Indonesian islands especially in Sumatra.
Durian Production In The Philippines
Durian mainly found in southern Mindanao
In the Philippines, durian flowers usually bloom in April to June and the durians are harvested in August to November. This gives the Philippines great prospects for export as the harvest season is later than in other Southeast Asian countries.
Presently, the country is actively expanding durian production, especially in the typhoon-free areas in Mindanao. Durian trees grow almost exclusive in Mindanao, particularly in Davao, Cotabato, Sulu and Agusan.
In fact, Southern Mindanao is considered as the ‘durian republic’ in the Philippines.
Popular durian cultivars include two local selections (DES 806 and DES 916) and four selections developed from introduced cultivars Chanee, Monthong, Umali and CA 3266) and the hundreds of local durian selections which are not registered.
A durian monument in Davao
Cultivars DES 806 and DES 916
Presently, six cultivars are recommended for commercial planting.
- DES 806 The fruit is ellipsoid, weighs 2-4 kg, yellowish-green with a thick rind, medium length densely spaced spine and a short stalk. The flesh is yellow, sweet, very glutinous with a slightly bitter taste. The fruit has 25% recovery edible portion.
- DES 916 bears ellipsoid fruit, 2-4 kg, greenish-brown with long, sharp, dense spines. The yellow flesh is sweet and glutinous and make up about 25% edible portion.
- Chanee This was introduced from Thailand. The fruit is ovoid with a broad and obtuse tip and greenish-brown rind. Each fruit weighs 2-5 kg. The golden yellow flesh is sweet and make up 32% edible portion.
- Monthong Another introduction from Thailand. The fruit is elongated with a pronounced beak at the base. Each fruit weighs 2-5 kg and has yellowish-brown rind. The flesh is creamy yellow, sweet and make up 30% edible portion.
- Umali This cultivar was selected from a seedling introduced from Thailand by the late Dean Umali of University of the Philippines at Los Banos (UPLB). The fruit is globose to elongated, 2-3 kg, yellowish-brown with golden yellow flesh. The recovery ratio is about 32% edible portion.
- CA 3266 This cultivar comes from Indonesia. The fruit is globose, 1.5-2.5 kg, greenish-yellow and produces pale yellow and sweet flesh. The recovery ratio is about 25 % edible portion.
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| Durian in the SE regions of Asia |
Durian Production In Vietnam
Vietnam's durian production caters mainly for the domestic market and a small quantity is exported to Taiwan. The durian season usually begins in May and ends in July but variations may occur because of fluctuations in local weather conditions. Durian was introduced to southern Vietnam about 30 years ago from Thailand and the Philippines, and is now an important tree crop in the lowlands of the Mekong Delta. Durian is also produced on the well-drained soils of the highlands in the south-east, the central highlands, and on the central coast.
Read more on Vietnamese durians HERE..
Durian Production In Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar
Durian season usually occurs in mid May to July. Durian is generally grown as an inter-crop with other fruit tres and its production is mostly for domestic consumption. Just like in Vietnam, the common durian is introduced into these three countries from Thailand and the Philippines long time ago with the popular cultivars being Chanee and Monthon.
Cambodia varieties: Read more HERE
A durian monument in Cambodia
Durians In Myanmar
This information is from the site called "Mingalapar Myanmar Forum""..Myanmar durians are not as big as Thailand one. But they are more tasteful than Thailand one. There are so many durian gardens in Mon and Kayin state. This is the middle of the durian season so u find it's cheaper than other time. Some people make this durian to jam. Durian jam smells softer than durian fruit. In my durians, these are vary from which part of Myanmar they come from like Maw-La-Myaing durian, Kya-Inn durian, Koe-Tine durian, Sa-Ka-Watt durian and so on. Some said Maw-La-Myaing durians are good. Some said Sa-Ka-Watt durians are delicious. Their taste are different either from one to another. "
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Durian production areas in Brunei Darussalam
In Brunei Darussalam, the common durian (D. zibethinus L.) such as the popular Malaysian D24 and the Thai Monthong
are the two introduced cultivars planted in several commercial durian
farms which produce fruits during July to August. Brunei has the
greatest number of durian species and the local people prefer these
species, such as D. graveolens, D. kutejensis and D. oxleyanus, D. testudinarium and D. dulcis over D. zibethinus
L.. These species are grown all over the country and durian fruits
are generally harvested from mid June to September. Local durian
production is insufficient and Brunei Darussalam imports durian from
Malaysia and Thailand.
Durian Production In Singapore
Singapore imports all its durian from Malaysia and Thailand but also re-exports durian to Brunei and Hong Kong. Durians are grown only in agrotechnology parks with three local durian cultivars, H.C. Tan No.2, H.C. Lim and Lim Keng Meng. There are two durian seasons, May to July and November to January.
Durian Production In Singapore
Singapore imports all its durian from Malaysia and Thailand but also re-exports durian to Brunei and Hong Kong. Durians are grown only in agrotechnology parks with three local durian cultivars, H.C. Tan No.2, H.C. Lim and Lim Keng Meng. There are two durian seasons, May to July and November to January.
- H.C. Tan No.2 is a light green, pear-shaped fruit with medium length spine and averages 1-2 kg. The aril is thin but creamy, sweet with some bitterness. The seeds are shrunken and flat.
- H. C. Lim has elongated oval fruits, brownish with medium length spines and weigh between 1-2 kg . The aril is pink, thin sweet, not fibrous enclosing small seeds.
- Lim Keng Meng has globose fruits, weigh between 1-2 kg, brownish with medium length spines. The aril is yellow, medium thick, creamy and bitter-sweet.
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| Singapore has little agricultural land |
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| Durian grows in the northern regions of Australia |
North Queensland (Tully to Cape Tribulation) and the Northern Territory (around Darwin) produce durian fruits at the end and beginning of the year mainly for the domestic market.
In the Northern Territory, the fruiting period usually occurs from November to the end of January (some years as early as October to as late as early February) and in north Queensland from late January to the end of April.
All the clones currently found in Australia have been introduced from south east Asia, especially Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand mostly by durian growers and government agencies. Some of the local Australian selections are Johnson, Limberlost, Z1, Diedre 1, Diedre 2
Durian Production In Sri Lanka
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| Island of Sri Lanka |
Only a small region in the southern part of the country have some durian trees. Introduced during the time when India including Ceylon (presently Sri Lanka) where British colonies. Durian are grown in the Horticultural Research Centre in Horana. Read more HERE..
Durian Production In India
Only a few experimental durian trees introduced from Malaysia during the British era. Durian season falls around July.
Burliar
State Horticulture Farm is located on the Ooty-Coimbatore National
Highway 67, sometimes called the Ghat Road, about halfway between
Coonoor and Mettupalayam. It is open from 9-5 p.m. Monday through
Friday. Durian is available in July and August.
- See more at: http://www.yearofthedurian.com/2013/07/burliar-state-farm-tamil-nadu-india.html#more
Some very old durian trees are found at the Burliar State Farm in Tamil Nadu, India. Read more HERE..
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